diff --git a/scripts/lib/checklayer/__init__.py b/scripts/lib/checklayer/__init__.py
index e69a10f452..f91888ccbb 100644
--- a/scripts/lib/checklayer/__init__.py
+++ b/scripts/lib/checklayer/__init__.py
@@ -156,6 +156,27 @@ def _find_layer(depend, layers):
                 return layer
     return None
 
+def sanity_check_layers(layers, logger):
+    """
+    Check that we didn't find duplicate collection names, as the layer that will
+    be used is non-deterministic. The precise check is duplicate collections
+    with different patterns, as the same pattern being repeated won't cause
+    problems.
+    """
+    import collections
+
+    passed = True
+    seen = collections.defaultdict(set)
+    for layer in layers:
+        for name, data in layer.get("collections", {}).items():
+            seen[name].add(data["pattern"])
+
+    for name, patterns in seen.items():
+        if len(patterns) > 1:
+            passed = False
+            logger.error("Collection %s found multiple times: %s" % (name, ", ".join(patterns)))
+    return passed
+
 def get_layer_dependencies(layer, layers, logger):
     def recurse_dependencies(depends, layer, layers, logger, ret = []):
         logger.debug('Processing dependencies %s for layer %s.' % \
diff --git a/scripts/yocto-check-layer b/scripts/yocto-check-layer
index f3cf139d8a..0e5b75b1f7 100755
--- a/scripts/yocto-check-layer
+++ b/scripts/yocto-check-layer
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import scriptpath
 scriptpath.add_oe_lib_path()
 scriptpath.add_bitbake_lib_path()
 
-from checklayer import LayerType, detect_layers, add_layers, add_layer_dependencies, get_layer_dependencies, get_signatures, check_bblayers
+from checklayer import LayerType, detect_layers, add_layers, add_layer_dependencies, get_layer_dependencies, get_signatures, check_bblayers, sanity_check_layers
 from oeqa.utils.commands import get_bb_vars
 
 PROGNAME = 'yocto-check-layer'
@@ -119,6 +119,10 @@ def main():
     for l in dep_layers:
         dump_layer_debug(l)
 
+    if not sanity_check_layers(additional_layers + dep_layers, logger):
+        logger.error("Failed layer validation")
+        return 1
+
     logger.info("Detected layers:")
     for layer in layers:
         if layer['type'] == LayerType.ERROR_BSP_DISTRO: